Duy Duc Nguyen: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Huy Gia Vuong: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.
Gtr evolution enb series#
4, 12, 13 In recent years, endoscopic endonasal techniques have been increasingly used, and some series have reported an improvement in OS and progression-free CRediT authorship contribution statement Surgical resection is generally accepted as first-line treatment in the care of ENB patients, 11 and the attainment of negative margins is an independent prognostic factor for improved survival. Standardized treatment for ENB has not been well established because of the relative rarity of these tumors and associated lack of clinical trials. Stratified by SEER staging, tumors in the biopsy EOR group were associated with increased patient age, greater tumor extension, presence of nodal and/or distant metastases, and Discussion The median tumor size was 44 mm, with the largest tumor size found in the biopsy EOR group. The median age of patients with ENB was 54 years with a male predilection.
Table 1 shows the characteristics of 733 patients with ENB who were subsequently separated into groups by extent of resection (biopsy, STR, and GTR).
We also removed 2 cases of ENB arising in the upper lobe of Characteristics of ENB Patients Stratified by EOR Patients who were diagnosed at autopsy or with death certificate only, those with missing treatment field information (EOR, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy), or those with unknown follow-up were excluded from the analysis.
The year 1998 was selected as the first year of this study because extent of resection (EOR) data were tabulated in SEER from this year onward. We accessed the SEER database for patients with ENB from 1998 to 2016. Additionally, the impact of treatment extent and modality on survival outcomes was also investigated. The survival trends of nasal cavity malignancies such as squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma have been outlined, but less is known regarding the survival trend of ENBs over the past 2 decades.8, 9, 10 The purpose of this study was to examine the survival trend of ENB patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) database. 7 Although surgery alone or the combination of surgery and radiation may confer good outcomes in low- and intermediate-risk patients, the role of tumor resection and adjuvant therapies in higher-risk groups is controversial. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) of ENB patients include age at diagnosis, Kadish stage, Hyams grade, TNM staging, and use of radiotherapy.4, 5, 6 Surgical resection is usually the primary treatment for ENB however, advanced stage of disease at presentation is common and may blunt the efficacy of aggressive surgery. 3 ENB usually invades locoregionally but may also metastasize to remote locations. 1, 2 ENBs account for 3%–6% of all malignant neoplasms of the sinonasal tract, with a bimodal distribution primarily affecting adolescents/young adults and patients around 50 years of age. Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare sinonasal malignancy originating from the olfactory epithelium other descriptive terms also associated with this entity include olfactory neuroblastoma, olfactory placode tumor, esthesioneurocytoma, or esthesioneuroma.
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